Что такое ревматоидный артрит?
Ревматоидный артрит (РА) — это состояние, при котором собственная иммунная система организма атакует суставы. Это вызывает опухание, скованность и болезненность (воспаление) суставов, особенно в руках и ногах.
Со временем РА может повредить и деформировать суставы. Это затрудняет открытие банок, письмо и выполнение других повседневных задач. Иногда это также может привести к образованию шишек под кожей.
Ревматоидный артрит чаще встречается у женщин, чем у мужчин. Он часто начинается в возрасте от 40 до 60 лет.
Что является причиной этого?
Причина РА до конца не изучена. Но это аутоиммунное заболевание . Это означает, что естественная защитная система организма атакует суставы. Гены играют роль, но эксперты не знают точно, в чем эта роль.
Каковы симптомы ревматоидного артрита?
Симптомы РА часто развиваются медленно в течение недель или месяцев. Усталость и скованность обычно являются ранними симптомами.
Симптомы со стороны суставов включают:
- Боль, скованность и опухание суставов рук, запястий, локтей, стоп, лодыжек, коленей или шеи . Заболевание обычно поражает обе стороны тела одновременно.
- Утренняя скованность. Скованность суставов может развиться после длительных периодов сна или сидения. Обычно она длится не менее 1 часа, а часто и до нескольких часов.
- Шишки (узелки). Ревматоидные узелки размером от горошины до нафталинового шарика образуются почти у трети людей, страдающих РА. Узелки обычно образуются в точках давления на теле, таких как локти, суставы пальцев, позвоночник и кости голени.
Ревматоидный артрит может также вызывать симптомы по всему телу (системные). К ним относятся:
- Усталость.
- Потеря аппетита.
- Потеря веса.
- Слабая лихорадка.
Как диагностируется ревматоидный артрит?
Чтобы диагностировать РА, ваш врач рассматривает комбинацию ваших симптомов и результатов анализов. Ваш врач задаст вам вопросы о ваших симптомах и осмотрит ваши суставы на предмет признаков болезненности или опухания.
Как лечится ревматоидный артрит?
РА чаще всего лечат лекарствами. Некоторые лекарства помогают контролировать симптомы. Другие лекарства, особенно при раннем применении, могут помочь предотвратить ухудшение заболевания.
Многие лекарства, используемые для лечения ревматоидного артрита, имеют побочные эффекты. Регулярно проходите осмотры. И обсуждайте с врачом любые проблемы. Это поможет врачу подобрать лечение, которое подойдет именно вам.
Физиотерапия и поиск оптимального баланса между отдыхом и активностью также могут помочь облегчить ваши симптомы.
Если лечение не помогает, хирургическое вмешательство может быть вариантом. Тип операции, которую вы можете сделать, зависит от того, какие суставы вызывают проблемы. Иногда операция по замене сустава (например, тазобедренного или коленного) является вариантом. Другие типы хирургического вмешательства могут удалить разрастания хряща или воспаленную ткань из сустава или снять давление на нервы.
Разница между здоровым и пораженным ревматоидным артритом суставом
Ревматоидный артрит рук
Ревматоидный артрит стоп
Зоны возникновения ревматоидного артрита
Ревматоидные узелки
Врач может удалить ревматоидные узелки, если ваше заболевание находится под хорошим контролем, а узелки болезненны или сильно беспокоят. Автор: Сотрудники Healthwise
Информация в статье приведена исключительно с ознакомительной целью и не является руководством к действию. По вопросам здоровья всегда консультируйтесь со своим лечащим врачом в очной форме!
Источник: сайт Нью-Йоркской пресвитерианской больницы https://www.nyp.org/healthlibrary/diagnosis/rheumatoid-arthritis?lancode=
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