Сотрясения мозга — это легкая черепно-мозговая травма, которая может быть получена в результате удара по голове после падения, несчастного случая или во время контактных видов спорта. Хотя некоторые спортсмены считают, что это можно «пережить», сотрясения мозга — это серьезные черепно-мозговые травмы, которые необходимо лечить быстро и соответствующим образом.
Если человек, получивший сотрясение мозга, получит еще одну травму головы до того, как восстановится после первого, симптомы сотрясения могут ухудшиться. Кроме того, восстановление может занять больше времени, а в редких случаях может возникнуть потенциально смертельное заболевание, называемое «синдром второго удара».
Признаки и симптомы сотрясения мозга
Сотрясение мозга может вызывать различные симптомы в зависимости от того, являются ли они легкими, умеренными или тяжелыми. Признаки сотрясения мозга у младенцев и детей могут отличаться от таковых у взрослых.
Симптомы сотрясения мозга могут включать в себя:
- Головная боль
- Ощущение повышенного давления в голове
- Тошнота или рвота
- Головокружение
- Чувствительность к свету или шуму
- Ощущение неясности, туманности, сонливости или вялости.
- Путаница
- Просто не «чувствую себя хорошо»
- Быть расстроенным
- Сплю больше или меньше обычного
- Невнятная речь
- Затуманенное зрение
- Звон в ушах
- Потеря сознания (может произойти при тяжелой травме головы)
Признаки сотрясения мозга
Прохожие могут заметить симптомы быстрее, чем человек, получивший сотрясение мозга. Наблюдаемые признаки сотрясения мозга могут включать:
- Трудно вспомнить, что произошло до или после удара или падения.
- Выглядишь ошеломленным или ошеломленным
- Не понимает, как играть в игру, или забывает инструкции.
- Неуклюжесть
- Медленно отвечаю на вопросы
- Отображение изменений в настроении, поведении или личности
Что вызывает сотрясение мозга?
Мозг — это мягкий, нежный орган, окруженный амортизирующей спинномозговой жидкостью и заключенный в череп для защиты. Если ваша голова или тело сильно ударятся, ваш мозг может подпрыгнуть или перевернуться внутри черепа и получить травму.
Вот некоторые из наиболее распространенных способов получения сотрясений мозга:
- Удар по голове во время занятий спортом , например футболом, футболом, хоккеем, боксом, катанием на лыжах и сноуборде.
- Физическое насилие
- водопад
- Травмы на детской площадке
- ДТП и другие дорожно-транспортные происшествия
- Несчастные случаи на велосипеде
Профилактика сотрясения мозга
Лучший способ предотвратить сотрясение мозга — защитить голову во время действий, которые повышают риск черепно-мозговой травмы. Примеры включают в себя:
- Носите шлем при езде на велосипеде, коньках, скутере, лыжах, сноуборде, мотоцикле или во время игры в бейсбол. Шлемы не предназначены для предотвращения сотрясений мозга, но они снижают риск серьезной травмы головы.
- Все пассажиры автомобиля должны быть пристегнуты ремнями безопасности, дополнительным сиденьем или автокреслом.
- Выбирайте игровые площадки с мягким покрытием для игр детей, например с мульчей, песком или прорезиненной игровой поверхностью.
- Установите ворота вверху и внизу лестницы, чтобы предотвратить падение младенцев и детей ясельного возраста.
- Избегайте или сведите к минимуму удары головой по мячу в футболе, а также удары по голове другого спортсмена в любом виде спорта.
- Сведите к минимуму падения пожилых людей в доме, поддерживая достаточное освещение, убирая коврики и устанавливая перила или поручни для поддержки, где это необходимо.
- Предотвратите автомобильные аварии, никогда не водите машину под воздействием наркотиков или алкоголя.
Источник: сайт Нью-Йоркской пресвитерианской больницы https://www.nyp.org/neuro/brain-spine-trauma/concussion
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